THE
MAWLID-UN-NABI: Q & A
By: Shaykh Fakhruddin Owaisi al-Madani
(South Africa)
-What is the ruling (hukm)
regarding celebrating the Mawlid-un-Nabi:
A1: Any action we do may be judged by
the Shari ah as being of one of the following five categories:
-Fard (Obligatory)
-Mustahabb (Recommended)
-Mubah/Ja'iz (Simply Permissible)
-Makruh (Discouraged)
-Haram (Forbidden)
Past and present Ulama from the four
Madhabs (Hanafi, Shafi, Maliki and Hanbali) have considered the commemoration
of the Prophet (SAW) birth as being Mubah, i.e. permissible, as there is no
evidence in the Shari ah that prohibits such an event.
In fact, there is some evidence that
actually supports the commemoration of the noble birth. For example:
- Allah says in the Qur an:
Say in the Bounty of Allah and His
Mercy, Let them rejoice . (Surah Yunus, verse 58).
There is no greater bounty given to
creation than the Holy Prophet (SAW).
- The Qur'an narrates to us the
stories of the births of Prophets Isa, Musa and Yahya (AS) in an honorable
manner. As the greatest of the Prophets, the birth of Nabi Muhammad (SAW) is
even more deserving of such attention.
- Imam al-Bukhari narrates that when
the Prophet (SAW) was born, his uncle, the unbeliever Abu-Lahab freed the
slave-girl Thuwaybah that brought him the good news, by gesturing to her with
his finger. When Abu-Lahab passed away, his brother Sayyidna al-Abbas (RA) saw
him in dream and asked him about his condition. He replied: I am in severe
punishment, but my punishment is lessened every Monday as I am allowed to suck
some water from that finger of mine with which I freed Thuwaybah .
- It is also narrated by Imam Muslim
that the Prophet (SAW) used to fast on Mondays. When asked why, he (SAW)
replied: That is the day I was born .
That is why many scholars have been
very supportive of the Mawlid. For example, the great 9th Century Shafi i
scholar Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti writes in his Al-Hawi lil Fatawi:
To commemorate the Mawlid, which is
basically gathering people together, reciting parts of the Qu'ran, narrating
stories about the Prophet's birth and the signs that accompanied it, then
serving food, and afterwards, departing, is one of the good innovations; and
the one who practices it gets rewarded, because it involves venerating the
status of the Prophet and expressing joy at his honorable birth.
However, while commemorating the
Mawlid cannot be considered Haram, it also must not be considered Fard. It must
be understood that it is simply a beneficial practice that is nevertheless not
obligatory.
Note, too, that while commemorating
the Mawlid itself is only Mubah, many of the actions done in it are Mustahabb
(Recommended) such as recitation of Salawat, coming together of Muslims,
discussing the life of the Prophet (SAW), feeding the hungry etc.
People will undoubtedly be rewarded
for these actions. Wa Llahu A lam.
Q2-Is commemorating the Mawlid
un-Nabi a bid'ah (an innovation)?
Bid'ah refers to beliefs and
practices that appeared after the era of the Holy Prophet (SAW). Broadly
speaking, bidahs are acceptable or unacceptable depending upon whether or not
they fall under the general principles and spirit of the Qur an and Sunnah.
Given this they will be classified
according to the five Shari'ah rulings mentioned above.
Therefore, some bidah s may be
obligatory such as writing books on the din and the gathering of the Qur an and
hadith into book form. Some may be recommended such as the translation of the
Qur an, the congregational Tarawih prayer and the second adhan for Jumu ah.
Some Bid ahs may simply permitted such as performing Eid Salah in Mosques, qira
ah programs, Qur anic competitions and the commemoration of Mawlid as noted
earlier. Depending upon the intention and results, such permitted bidahs may
even become recommended.
Discouraged innovations would be to
have the Holy Qur an on a cellphone, as some Ulama have said. Forbidden bidah s
are any innovated beliefs and practices that are in clear violation of agreed
upon principles and rulings of the Shari ah.
The hadith that states that every
bidah is a misguidance refers to this last category of bid ah only as explained
by hadith authority Imam al-Nawawi in his commentary on Sahih Muslim (Volume 6,
p154):
What is meant by it is new matters
that are not validated by the Shari ah. That - and that alone - is what are
meant by innovations.
Q3-What is the ruling on standing up
to recite Salawat (Salutations) and Salam (Greetings of Peace) upon the Prophet
(SAW):
It is permissible if done with the
intention of respecting the Prophet (SAW), and without the belief that it is
obligatory. The Qur an has ordered us to present the Salam to the Prophet (SAW)
in a respectful manner as implied in the verse Wa Sallimu Taslima i.e. And send
worthy greetings of Peace upon him. (Qur an 33:56)
Furthermore, it is permissible in
Islam to stand up to greet any honorable or beloved person. The Prophet (SAW)
used to stand up to greet many people, including his beloved daughter Sayyidah
Fatimah Zahra (RA).
Imam al-Bukhari narrates that once the
Prophet (SAW) was sitting in the Mosque and saw a funeral passing by. So he
immediately stood up in respect of it. He was then told that it was actually
the funeral of a Jew. So he (SAW) replied; It is still a soul.
The Ulama have also deemed it permissible
to stand up for a national anthem. It has for centuries been the custom in many
Muslim lands to stand up when reciting the Salawat and Salam on the Prophet
(SAW), especially upon hearing the news of his Birth, so as to display love,
gratefulness and respect. This practice has been commended by Ulama from all 4
Madhhabs.
The Mufti of the Shafi'i madhab of
Medina al-Imam al-Sayyid Ja far al-Barzanji wrote in his Mawlid that:
Scholars of great character and
knowledge have commended the practice of standing up at the mention of the
Prophet (SAW) s birth. So glad-tiding to the one whose goal and purpose is to
honor the Prophet (SAW).
This was written by him in Medina
four centuries ago, and he referred to scholars before his time.
The Salawat can be recited in all
positions: sitting as in the Jalsah (sitting position) in Salah, or standing as
in the Salat-ul-Janazah or even while lying down.
Furthermore, it is general command of
the Shariah to display all sorts of love, honor and veneration to the Prophet
(SAW) [Qur'an 7:157; 33:6 amongst others], as long as it does not involve any
prohibited action. Wa Llahu A lam.
Q4-Is it possible for the Prophet
(SAW) to be present at a Mawlid gathering?
The blessed body of the Prophet (SAW)
is buried in Medina. But his Soul, like the souls of all Prophets and pious
believers, is free to roam in the Kingdom of Allah to attend blessed
gatherings. Evidence for this is what occurred on the Night of the Mi raj when
all the Prophets gathered in al-Quds to meet and pray behind our Prophet (SAW).
Many of them met him again in the Heavens.
Ibn al-Qayyim mentions in his Kitab
al-Ruh that the famous Companion Sayyidna Salman al-Farisi (RA) said:
The souls of the believers are in a
partition from the (visible) earth, they go anywhere they want to.
He also quotes the great Imam Malik
as saying:
I was informed that the soul is free;
it goes anywhere it wants to.
The above has also been confirmed by
great Classical scholars such as Imam al-Suyuti and Imam Ibn-Hajar al-Haytami
in their Fatawa.
However, a person who experiences the
spiritual presence of the Prophet (SAW) at any gathering should normally keep
such things to him or herself. In general, this is a matter of the unseen and
it is best to not to delve into the issue unnecessarily.
Q5-What are the Riwayats popularly
recited in Cape Town?
The Riwayats are basically narrations
on the happenings of the noble Birth of the Prophet (SAW), compiled in a book
from by the 16th century Mufti of the Shafi i madhab in Medina al-Imam
al-Sayyid Ja far al-Barzanji. Whatever is mentioned in them is authentically
sourced from the books of Hadith and Sirah (biographies of the Prophet). Its a
blessing to recite them as it is a blessing to recite any hadith of the Prophet
(SAW).
Muslim throughout the world recite
these Riwayat during the blessed month of Mawlud. They are usually referred to
in other parts of the world as Mawlid al-Barzanji.
Shaykh Fakhruddin Owaisi al-Madani is a Lecturer in
Hadith at IPSA.
Sh. Fakhruddin completed a Master s dissertation on
the issue of Mawlid and Bid ah at the University of Cape Town.
FATWA ON MAWLID-UN-NABI
MAWLID AND BID’AH (
MAWLID AND BID'AH (MA. THESIS) – FULL
COVID-19 REFLECTION & OUR SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Salaam Alaikum,
As we stay safe in this trying time, by observing all safety precautions
and making duaa fervently—asking Allah—to protect us from the pandemic and that
He cleanse the world of the virus and all other forms of afflictions in the
world today.
We should also use this period to reflect more on Allah and take more
serious—our Suluk & Sayr (Spiritual Journey)—practically and theoretically
[by updating our sufi knowledge from books and online available sources].
May Allah be with us all, May he Guide and Guard us always. And we also
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Dawāwīn as-Sitt (Six Anthologies) on Prophetic Eulogy (by Shaikh Ibrahim Niasse) - Arabic
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2.Vessel of Spiritual Flood, Translation of Goran Faydah by Shaykh Balarabe Haroon Jega (Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq)
3.Shariah and Haqeeqah: In the Light of the Qur'an and the Prophetic Traditions(Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq)
4.The Icon of Mystics: Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse Al-Kawlakhy (Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq)
5. Tahniat (Congratulatory Ode) of Shaikh Ibrahim Niass - (Translation
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6. Handbook for every Tijaniyyat (by Shaikh As-Sufi)
8. Risalat at-Tawbah (Epistle of Repentance) of Shaykh Ibrahim Niyass al-Kawlakhi" - (Translation & Commentary by Dr. Razaq Solagberu)
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15.Facts about Sufism by Ismaheel Abdulrauf
16. Who is Shaykh Jamiu Bulala (by Ustaz Olanipekun Shittu Tunde)
17. Mawlud lectures of Shaikh Ibrahim Niass - (Translated by Sayyidah Bilqis Grillo)
18. Practical Guide on the Wird(Litany) of the Tariqah Faydah Tijaniyyah (The Adherent Handbook) - (Translated by Sayyidah Bilqis Grillo)
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1. Majmū’at ad-Dawāwīn (Collection of Eulogy Works) of Shaikh Ibrahim Niasse’ (English translation) - Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq
2.Vessel of Spiritual Flood, Translation of Goran Faydah by Shaykh Balarabe Haroon Jega (Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq)
3.Shariah and Haqeeqah: In the Light of the Qur'an and the Prophetic Traditions(Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq)
4.The Icon of Mystics: Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse Al-Kawlakhy (Translated by Dr. Awwal Baba Taofiq)
5. Tahniat (Congratulatory Ode) of Shaikh Ibrahim Niass - (Translation
& Transliteration of Majmuu' Qasaid al-Mawlid of Baye) - (Translated by Sayyid AbdulQadri Okeneye)
6. Handbook for every Tijaniyyat (by Shaikh As-Sufi)
8. Risalat at-Tawbah (Epistle of Repentance) of Shaykh Ibrahim Niyass al-Kawlakhi" - (Translation & Commentary by Dr. Razaq Solagberu)
9. Katsina and Kaduna Conferences (Jadhbul ahbab ila hadrat Rabbil arbab) and Mecca Conference - (Translated by Sayyidah Bilqis Grillo)
10. Softcopy of Numerous Sufi Literature (Arabic & English) - (To be sent via CD & email/googledrive)
12. Sayyida Fatimat Zahara (The Rose): The Beloved Daughter of the Holy Prophet (SAW) - (by Sayyid Ahmad Bello As-Suufi Harazimi)
13. Sheikh Ahmad Tijani and his Spiritual Path (Tariqat) - (by Sayyid Ahmad Bello As-Suufi Harazimi)
14.Special Prayers from Kanzul Masun- (Translated by Sayyid AbdulQadri Okeneye)
15.Facts about Sufism by Ismaheel Abdulrauf
16. Who is Shaykh Jamiu Bulala (by Ustaz Olanipekun Shittu Tunde)
17. Mawlud lectures of Shaikh Ibrahim Niass - (Translated by Sayyidah Bilqis Grillo)
18. Practical Guide on the Wird(Litany) of the Tariqah Faydah Tijaniyyah (The Adherent Handbook) - (Translated by Sayyidah Bilqis Grillo)
19. Hizbu Sayfi & Hizbul Mughni (Arabic text, Translation, Transliteration by Imam Marooph Raji)
20. Hizbul Bahri (Arabic text, Translation, Transliteration by Imam Marooph Raji)
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SUFI
BLOGS & SUFI BOOKS LINKS
(From
Pristine Sufism Books/SmileBak Global Emporium)
SUFI BLOGS
LINKS;
1. PRISTINE SUFISM
2. AFRICAN
SCHOLARS & SAINTS: THEIR LIVES & TIMES
3. SHAYKH
IBRAHIM NIYĀS (BAYE
NIASSE)
4. SHAYKH
MUHAMMAD GIBRIMA
5. THE DIVINE
FLOOD (Writings & Translation Works of Imam Fakhruddin Owaisi)
6. SHAYKH
UMAR FALKE
7. THE ICON
OF MYSTICS: SHAYKH IBRĀHĪM NIYĀS (Writings
& Translation Works of Shaykh (Dr.) Awwal Baba Taofik)
8. THE FAYDAH
IN MAURITANIA
9. ENGLISH
TRANSLATIONS OF SHAYKH IBRAHIM NIASSE’S BOOKS (By Shaykh Hussein Babalwaiz)
10. SUFI
SUPPLICATIONS/INVOCATIONS
11. SHAYKH
IBRAHIM NIASSE’S WORKS: INTERPRETATION FROM ARABIC (By Imam Muhammad Abdullahi)
12. SUFI
MYSTICAL POEMS
13. SHAYKH
ADAM ABDULLAHI AL-ILORY
14. SHARING
THE TREASURES OF PRISTINE ISLAM (Translations of Sayyida Bilqis Grillo)
15. SPIRITUAL
FLOOD (FAYDAH) PEARLS [Writings & Translation Works of Shaykh Sulayman
Odetayo]
16. SHAYKH TĀJ AHMAD AL-LABĪB AL-ADABY
17. THE
BELIEVER’S SWORD: APPLICATION OF SCIENCE OF NUMBERS & LETTERS TO PRAYERS
FROM QUR’AN & HADITH
18.
KHADEEJAH: LIGHT UPON LIGHT LADY
19. PRISTINE
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